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TK73200
ADJUSTABLE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR FEATURES
s Up to 5 A Output Current Capability with External PNP Transistor s Internal Short Circuit Protection s Excellent Load Regulation s CMOS/TTL-Compatible On/Off Switch s Internal Reverse Bias Current Protection Switch s Internal Thermal Shutdown s Wide Adjustable Output Voltage Range (2.0 V to 12.0 V) s Continuous and Pulsed Current Modes
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s s s s s Battery Powered Systems Cellular/Cordless Telephones Radio Control Systems Wireless Communications Systems Portable Instrumentations Portable Computers Personal Digital Assistants Local Area Network (LAN) Receivers Power Recovery for Microprocessors
DESCRIPTION
The TK73200 is a controller IC for an adjustable low dropout voltage regulator. The TK73200 and the external PNP power transistor provide adjustable output voltages from 2 to 12 V and output current from 100 mA to 5 A. By utilizing an external PNP power transistor, low dropout voltage at high current can be readily achieved. The internal electronic switch can be controlled by TTL or CMOS logic levels. The device is in the "on" state when the control pin is pulled to a high logic level. A pin for a bypass capacitor, which connects to the internal circuitry, is provided to lower the overall output noise level. The current limit characteristics can be configured as continuous (constant current) or pulsed (cycling). An internal thermal shutdown circuit limits the junction temperatures to below 150 C. BLOCK DIAGRAM
VIN IPK CPULSE BASE VADJ
TK73200
CONTROL NOISE BYPASS CPULSE VIN
BASE
VADJ GND
IPK
ORDERING INFORMATION
TK73200M L
Tape/Reel Code Temp. Code
TAPE/REEL CODE PACKAGE CODE
L: Tape Left M: SOT23L-8
CONTROL
ON/OFF CIRCUIT
THERMAL SENSOR
Package Code
BANDGAP REFERENCE
TEMP. RANGE
C: -30 to 80 C
GND
NOISE BYPASS
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
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TK73200
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (NOTE 5)
Supply Voltage Range ............................................ 19 V Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 600 mW Reverse Bias Voltage Range ..................................... 6 V Noise Bypass Pin Terminal Voltage Range ............... 5 V Control Pin Terminal Voltage Range ........................ 14 V Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 C Operating Temperature Range ...................-30 to +80 C Extended Temperature Range ................... -40 to +85 C Operating Voltage Range ............................ 1.8 to 14.0 V Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 C
TK73200 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL IQ ISTBY IOUT VDROP VOUT Line Reg
PARAMETER Quiescent Current Standby Current Output Current Dropout Voltage Output Voltage Line Regulation
TEST CONDITIONS IOUT = 0 mA, Excluding ICONT VIN = 8 V, Output OFF External Transistor Dependent External Transistor Dependent Set by External Resistors VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V to VOUT(TYP) + 6 V (Note 2) External Transistor Dependent 1.8 V VIN 4 V 4.1 V VIN 12 V Continuous Current Limit Mode
MIN
TYP 250
MAX 360 0.1
UNITS A A A V
N/ A N/A 2 3.0 10 15 40 80 70 100 90 120 110 12 20
V mV mV mA mA mV mV
Load Reg Load Regulation IBASE(L) IBASE(H) VSENSE Base Current LOW Base Current HIGH Current Limit Detect Voltage
Pulse Current Limit Mode f = 400 Hz, CL = 10 F, CN = 0.1 F, VIN = VOUT(TYP) = 1.5 V, IOUT = 30 mA, VRIPPLE = 100 mVrms, (Note 3) f = 1 kHz, BPF = 400 Hz to 30 kHz, (Note 3) (Note 4)
RR
Ripple Rejection
57
dB
VNO IPULSE
Output Noise CPULSE Pin Terminal Current
0.13 15 25 20 1.22 1.25 1.28 45
V/ Hz A ppm/ C V
VOUT /T Temperature Coefficient Vref Reference Voltage
CONTROL TERMINAL SPECIFICATIONS ICONT VCONT(ON) VCONT(OFF) Control Current Control Voltage (ON) Control Voltage (OFF) VCONT = 1.8 V, Output ON Output ON Output OFF 1.8 0.6 6.5 20 A V V
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June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK73200
TK73200 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (STANDARD DEVICES) CONT.
Note 1: Power dissipation is 600 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 4.8 mW/C for operation above 25 C. Note 2: Refer to: "Definition of Terms." Note 3: Ripple rejection and noise voltage are affected by the value and characteristics of the capacitor used. Note 4: This pin is used for Pulse Current Limit Mode. When selecting Continuous Current Limit Mode, this pin is connected to GND. Note 5: The voltage applied to any pin must be greater than -0.4 V. Gen. Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at TA = 25 C.
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
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TK73200
TEST CIRCUIT
CP CN RP
VIN
Note:Transistor: 2SB1115 CN = 0.1 F CP = 0.1 F CIN = 1 F CL = 4.7 F RP = 330 k Continuous Current Limit Mode: ISET (mA) = 100 mV / RIPK () Pulse Current Limit Mode: ISET (mA) = 90 mV / RIPK ()
CIN
RIPK
TK73200
CONT
VOUT = 1.25 ( 1 + R2 / R1) 20 k R1 68 k 2.0 V VOUT 12 V VOUT
BASE EMITTER
R1
EXTERNAL TRANSISTOR
CL R2
COLLECTOR VOUT
TA = 25 C, external transistor is 2SB1115(NEC), unless otherwise specified.
LINE REGULATION 1 LINE REGULATION 2 LOAD REGULATION
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
VOUT (50 mV/ DIV)
VOUT (10 mV/ DIV)
VOUT (5 mV/ DIV)
VOUT TYPICAL
0
10 VIN (V)
20
0
10 VIN (V)
20
0
500 IOUT (mA)
1000
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE 5 4 IQ (mA) 3 VOUT = 5.0 V 2 1 0 0 10 VIN (V) 20 0 0 -100
VDROP (mV)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT AND EXTERNAL TRANSISTORS 5 2SB799 2SB1115 2SB1114 2SB1302 IGND (mA) 4 3 2 1 0
GROUND CURRENT VS. OUTPUT CURRENT
VOUT = 3.0 V
-200 -300 -400
500 IOUT (mA)
1000
0
500 IOUT (mA)
1000
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June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK73200
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, external transistor is 2SB1115(NEC), unless otherwise specified.
BASE CURRENT DRIVE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE
CURRENT LIMIT DETECTOR VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE CONTINUOUS CURRENT LIMIT MODE 100 100
REVERSE BIAS CURRENT (VIN = 0 TO 6 V)
1E-6 IREV (A)
V (mV)
IB (mA)
PULSE CURRENT LIMIT MODE 50 50
1E-9
VIN = 0 V VIN = 6 V VIN = 4 V VIN = 2 V
1E-12 0 5 VIN (V) 10 15 0 5 VIN (V) 10 15 0 5 VREV (V) 10
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE (OFF MODE)
0 -20
RIPPLE REJECTION
CN = NONE
VIN 73200 VOUT
1E-6
RR (dB)
IQ (A)
-40 -60
CN = 0.01 F
VCONT CN RCONT
CL 4.7 F
1E-9
-80
CN = 0.1 F
RIPPLE REJECTION CIRCUIT
1E-12 0 10 VIN (V) CONTROL CURRENT VS. TEMPERATURE 50 40
ICONT (A)
20
-100 0.01
0.1
1 f (kHz)
10
100
CONTROL VOLTAGE (OUTPUT ON POINT) VS. TEMPERATURE 2.0 RCONT = 0 50 30
VOUT (mV)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VARIATION VS. TEMPERATURE
VCONT = 5 V VCONT (V)
VOUT TYPICAL 10 -10 -30 -50 -50
30 20 10 0 -50 VCONT = 2 V
1.0
0 TA (C)
50
100
-50
0 TA (C)
50
100
0 TA (C)
50
100
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
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TK73200
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
TA = 25 C, external transistor is 2SB1115(NEC), unless otherwise specified.
CONTROL PIN VOLTAGE VS. CONTROL CURRENT
5000
ON/OFF TRANSIENT CL = 100 F RISE TIME (s) 1000 CL = 4.7 F
ON/OFF STEP RESPONSE
50 40
VCONT (V)
VOUT RCONT = 0 k
ON/OFF CONTROL
30 20 10
RCONT = 100 k
CL = 22 F 100
CL = 4.7 F OR 10 F
CL = 4.7 F CN = NONE IOUT = 30 mA
RCONT = 200 k 0 -50 0 50 100
10 0.001
VOUT
0
0.01 CN (F)
0.1
10
10
20
30
ICONT (A)
TIME (s)
LOAD CURRENT STEP RESPONSE
LINE VOLTAGE STEP RESPONSE
VOUT + 2 V
VOUT (200 mV/ DIV)
VOUT (20 mV/ DIV)
VIN
IOUT = 0 TO 300 mA CL = 47 OR 100 F CL = 22 F CL = 10 F CL = 4.7 F 0 5 10 TIME (s) 15 20
VOUT + 1 V
CN = NONE CN = 0.1 F
VOUT
IOUT = 50 mA
TIME (s)
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June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK73200
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VOUT) The output voltage is specified with VIN = (VOUT(TYP) + 1 V) and IOUT = 30 mA. DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) The dropout voltage is the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage at which point the regulator starts to fall out of regulation. Below this value, the output voltage will fall as the input voltage is reduced. It is dependent upon the load current, the external transistor and the junction temperature. BASE CONTROL CURRENT (IBASE) The base control current is the drive current for the base of the external transistor. OUTPUT CURRENT (IOUT) The output current depends on the characteristics of the external transistor and current limit setting. LINE REGULATION (Line Reg) Line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. The line regulation is specified as the input voltage is changed from VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V to VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 6 V. LOAD REGULATION (Load Reg) Load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the load current changes. It is a pulsed measurement to minimize temperature effects. Load regulation depends on the external transistor. QUIESCENT CURRENT (IQ) The quiescent current is the current which flows through the ground terminal under no load conditions (IOUT = 0 mA) and excludes the control pin current. RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO (RR) Ripple rejection is the ability of the regulator to attenuate the ripple content of the input voltage at the output. It is specified with 100 mVrms, 400 Hz superimposed on the input voltage, where VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1.5 V. The output decoupling capacitor is set to 10 F, the noise bypass capacitor is set to 0.1 F, and the load current is set to 30 mA. Ripple rejection is the ratio of the ripple content of the output vs. the input and is expressed in dB. STANDBY CURRENT (ISTBY) Standby current is the current which flows into the regulator when the output is turned off by the control function (VCONT = 0 V). It is measured with VIN = 8 V. SENSOR CIRCUITS Overcurrent Sensor The overcurrent sensor protects the device if the output is shorted to ground. Thermal Sensor The thermal sensor protects the device if the junction temperature exceeds the safe value (Tj = 150 C). This temperature rise can be caused by extreme heat, excessive power dissipation caused by large output voltage drops, or excessive output current. The regulator will shut off when the temperature exceeds the safe value. As the junction temperature decreases, the regulator will begin to operate again. Under sustained fault conditions, the regulator output will oscillate as the device turns off then resets. Damage may occur to the device under extreme fault conditions. Reverse Voltage Protection Reverse voltage protection prevents damage due to the output voltage being higher than the input voltage. This fault condition can occur when the output capacitor remains charged and the input is reduced to zero, or when an external voltage higher than the input voltage is applied to the output side.
GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control current. June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
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TK73200
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT23L-8 is increased to 600 mW. For operation at ambient temperatures over 25 C, the power dissipation of the SOT23L-8 device should be derated at 4.8 mW/C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. These measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows: The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below.
(mW) PD 3
DPD
6 4 5
25
50
75 TA (C)
150
Procedure: 1) Find PD 2) PD1 is taken to be PD x (Note: It is not necessary to connect 3) Plot PD1 against 25 C 4) Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 C) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation, DPD. The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT)
a ceramic capacitor in parallel with an aluminum or tantalum output capacitor. (~0.8 - 0.9)
Tj = 0jA x PD + TA
750
For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 C, then:
PD (mW)
600 450
MOUNTED AS SHOWN
150 C = 0jA x PD + 25 C 0jA = 125 C / PD PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal equilibrium is reached.
FREE AIR 300 150 0 0 50 TA (C) 100 150
SOT23L-8 POWER DISSIPATION CURVE Page 8 June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK73200
APPLICATION INFORMATION
INPUT-OUTPUT CAPACITORS The output capacitor is necessary for stable operation. The regulator may oscillate if the output capacitor is too small or missing. The output capacitor size is determined by load, transient response and external transistor used. Evaluation in the circuit is recommended to ensure performance requirements are satisfied. A minimum of 4.7 F is necessary for stability, with twice that value recommended. The minimum recommended input capacitor is 1 F. Problems do not occur with larger values of capacitance. However, extremely low ESR may result in unstable operation. Thus, the use of large value ceramic capacitors is not recommended on the output. EVALUATION BOARD PULSE CURRENT LIMIT MODE
CP RP 330 k VIN CN
CIN
TK73200 RIPK VCONT
BASE EMITTER R1 CL EXTERNAL TRANSISTOR R2 COLLECTOR
GND
VOUT
TOKO
VOUT
External Transistor R2 CL 1 4.7 F R1
The equation for the pulse output current limit is as follows: ISET (mA) = 90 (mV) / RIPK ()
TK73200 1
RIPK
CN 0.1 F CIN CP 1 F 0.1 F RP 330k
AP008-99
VOUT
GND CON
VIN
IOUT
SOT23L-8 BOARD LAYOUT
TOKO
VOUT
During the initial turn-on, charge (surge) current flows to the output capacitor. This IC has a possibility for the current limit to operate and to turn off the output by the charge current of the output capacitor. Therefore, the relationship between CL and CP is set as shown in the graph below:
1000
AP008-99
100
CL (F)
GND CON VIN
10
STABLE REGION
1 0.01
0.1 CP (F)
1
10
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
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TK73200
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
CONTINUOUS CURRENT LIMIT MODE
VIN
CN
VOUT TK73200 R VCONT 2
PRO
VIN CIN
CONT
R
1
RIPK
TK73200 VCONT
BASE EMITTER R1 CL R2 COLLECTOR VOUT
GND
The high output voltage accuracy and low dropout voltage are maintained when the IC is turned ON/OFF by using the control pin as illustrated above.
EXTERNAL TRANSISTOR
In the continuous current limit mode, the CPULSE pin (pin 3) is directly connected to ground. The output current limit is set by RIPK according to the following equation: ISET (mA) = 100 (mV) / RIPK () If the continuous current limit mode is also used for output short circuit protection, the ISET value is set 50% to 100% more than the maximum operating current. The current transistor is selected from the ISET value. The output voltage drops when the output current exceeds the ISET value. However, the output voltage returns to normal once the output current decreases below the ISET value. HIGH-SIDE SWITCHING
VDROP
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
VOUT
ON/OFF CONTROL
High-side switching should not be implemented by an external transistor as shown above. This results in additional voltage drop and loss of accuracy.
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June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK73200
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
EXTERNAL PNP POWER TRANSISTOR This IC can use any kind of external transistor. The external transistor selection is a function of the load current, Hfe and power dissipation. See following chart:
LOAD CURRENT 0 ~ 180 mA 0 ~ 300 mA 0 ~ 500 mA 0~1A 0~2A 0~3A 0~4A
RECOMMENDED EXTERNAL TRANSISTOR 2SB624, 2SB1115, 2SB799 (NEC), 2SB970 (Matsushita) 2SB1115, 2SB799 (NEC) 2SB1114, 2SB1115 (NEC), 2SB1302 (Sanyo), 2SA1203, 2SA1213, 2SA1734 (Toshiba) 2SA1242, 2SA1736 (Toshiba), 2SB1302, 2SA1896 (Sanyo) 2SA1451, 2SA1242 (Toshiba) 2SA1451 (Toshiba), 2SA1645 (NEC) 2SA1451 (Toshiba), 2SB904 (Sanyo), 2SA1645 (NEC)
RECOMMENDED RIPK () 0.33 ~ 0.39 0.22 ~ 0.27 0.12 ~ 0.15 0.056 ~ 0.068 0.033 ~ 0.039 0.022 ~ 0.027 0.012 ~ 0.015
VOLTAGE BACKUP OPERATION (HOLDUP TIME)
VOUT
PARALLEL ON/OFF CONTROL OPERATION
VIN VOLTAGE DETECTOR IC VCONT OFF R 1 73200 R 2 CL PRO RESET
VIN
TK73200
R R
5V 5A 2 1
3V 100 mA
TK11230B R 2V 100 mA
TK11220B
ON/OFF CONTROL
C L becomes the backup power supply when the microprocessor is reset with the voltage detector IC simultaneously with turning OFF the TK73200. CL provides the holdup time necessary to do an orderly shutdown of the microprocessor.
The figure above illustrates multiple regulators being controlled by a single ON/OFF control signal. The series resistor R is put in the input line of the low output voltage regulator in order to prevent overdissipation. The voltage dropped across the resistor reduces the large input-tooutput voltage across the regulator, reducing the power dissipation in the device.
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
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TK73200
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Marking Information
TK73200
0.45
SOT23L-8
C00
8
5 marking 1.0
Product Code
Voltage Code 1 e 0.8 4
e 0.8
Recommended Mount Pad 0.3 0.1 Cl
+0.3
3.5 - 0.1
(3.4) (0.3)
2.2
1.4max
1.2
e1 3.0
0 - 0.1
+0.15 - 0.15
0.4
+ 0.3
0.15
0.1
3.3
Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
TOKO AMERICA REGIONAL OFFICES
Midwest Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 1250 Feehanville Drive Mount Prospect, IL 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864 Western Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 2480 North First Street , Suite 260 San Jose, CA 95131 Tel: (408) 432-8281 Fax: (408) 943-9790 Eastern Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 107 Mill Plain Road Danbury, CT 06811 Tel: (203) 748-6871 Fax: (203) 797-1223 Semiconductor Technical Support Toko Design Center 4755 Forge Road Colorado Springs, CO 80907 Tel: (719) 528-2200 Fax: (719) 528-2375
Visit our Internet site at http://www.tokoam.com
The information furnished by TOKO, Inc. is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, TOKO reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the design, specification or manufacture of its products without further notice. TOKO does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from the use of its products. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of TOKO, Inc.
Page 12
(c) 1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved IC-xxx-TK732xx 0798O0.0K
15 max
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
Printed in the USA

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